In what scenario is a health care provider likely exempt from civil liability under Texas law?

The correct scenario indicating that a health care provider is likely exempt from civil liability under Texas law is when they are acting within the scope of their license during volunteer work. Texas law encourages health care professionals to volunteer their services, particularly in emergencies or for charitable organizations. Under the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code, specific provisions protect licensed practitioners when they render care without expectation of payment. This means that as long as they are practicing in a manner consistent with their training and licensure, they are often shielded from legal repercussions that might otherwise arise from their volunteer actions.

Volunteer work is considered a community service that provides an essential benefit, and the law acknowledges that health care providers may face unique challenges when delivering care in non-hospital settings. This protection fosters an environment where practitioners can help individuals in need without the fear of being sued for unintentional errors or omissions during their volunteer efforts.

In contrast, scenarios such as providing emergency care without a license, charging a fee for services, or performing health procedures without supervision can lead to significant legal consequences and do not generally confer the same protections under Texas law. Charging fees can establish a standard patient-provider relationship that opens the practitioner to liability, while unauthorized practice and unmonitored procedures can result in disciplinary action or civil